|
Leonīds Breikšs was a noted 1930s Latvian poet, journalist and patriot.〔 His Latvian-based country style sits with contemporaries including Aleksandrs Pelecis, Jānis Medenis, Gunars Freimanis, Bronislava Martuzeva and Anda Lice, who all suffered the terror of Bolsheviks in 1941.〔〔〔 He wrote the noted poems "Latvian's creed", "Prayer", and "Sacred Legacy", which became a noted nationalist song with music by Janis Norvilis.〔 Having numerous poetry and political publications in his name in the 1930s, his third and last poetry collection was published posthumously, after his death in a Soviet gulag in Saratov in September 1942.〔 ==Early life== Leondis Breikss was born on April 8, 1908, the second of five children born to Peteris and his wife Amalija.〔 The youngest four children were all born in Russia, as Petris then was the steward of Prince Alexei Golytzin's manor in Yelizarovo, then in Zaponorskaya Volost of Bogorodsky Uyezd, part of the Moscow Governorate.〔 Peteris and his wife were originally from Vitini, Latvia, where he had inherited his father Janis's house. Although the children were educated in Russian, at home their parents gave them a Latvian-based upbringing. The family were Lutheran, but the nearest church was in Moscow, some away. So the family regularly attended the local Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church, and for each of the three younger children born while in residence on his estate, Prince Golytzin paid for a Lutheran minister to make the journey from Moscow to baptise them.〔 In summer 1913, during a local peasant uprising, the neighbouring manor was destroyed. After Peteris had ejected rioters from Prince Golytzin's manor, he sent his family to Moscow for safety. But during this time, those who did not speak the Russian language were considered German, and so Peteris waved good bye to his family as they departed on a train for Vecpiebalga to live with his relatives, travelling via Koknese.〔 Aged 5, like his father Leondis attended the local school, and also fished the local River Ogre. The family often visited his mothers parents in Pakalniesi, who were part of the local Hernhutian movement. From the 18th century onwards, and during the later-half of the 19th century, Piebalga district where the family now lived was home to many early Latvian nationalists, including the former house of linguist Atis Kronvalds and a monument to his acts of patriotism. The family also visited the home of local teacher and writer Matiss Kaudzite, to whom the children would read Pushkin.〔 By Autumn 1913, Peteris had found employment as the manager's assistant in a textile factory in Serpuhovo, so the family returned to Russia. They arrived in the middle of a scarlet fever epidemic, in which the eldest sister died. After the outbreak of World War I, Peteris decided to move back to Moscow to keep his family safe, gaining the position as manager of the French manufacturer Girot's silk factory. On September 8, 1915, youngest sister Tamara Anna was born, who after World War II brought Leonids poetry to the attention of the Latvian community in the United States. During the 1917 Russian Revolution, and following the abdication of Tsar Nikolai II, food and fuel were in short supply under the Bolsheviks. Being now close to the post-revolutionary cauldron in Moscow, Peteris moved the family again to a state-farm (sovkhoz) close to Tula.〔 Following the end of WW1, the country of Latvia declared independence on November 18, 1918, which started the Latvian War of Independence.〔 After agreement of a truce on February 1, 1920, Russia and Latvia signed a peace treaty on August 11, formally recognised by the League of Nations on January 26, 1921.〔 After the death of his younger sister (third child), the Breikss family received a permit to leave Russia on October 3, 1920. Departing Moscow in a lorry convey in December 1920, the family of five leave Russia with only that which they can carry, travelling first to Zilupe and then catching a train to Riga.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leonīds Breikšs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|